A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.
From this description, one can conclude that the organisms that have caught Sarah's attention are
A) insects.B) crustaceans.
C) aquatic spiders.
D) myriapods.
E) eurypterids.
Answer: A
Sarah noticed the presence of many empty exoskeletons attached to emergent vegetation. These exoskeletons looked exactly like those of the largest of the "mystery organisms" she had seen in the pond. They also looked similar to the bodies of the dragonflies that patrolled the surface of the pond. If Sarah had learned a lot from her college biology class, what should she have concluded about the mysterious pond organisms?
A) They are larval dragonflies, destined to undergo incomplete metamorphosis.B) They are larval dragonflies, destined to undergo complete metamorphosis.
C) They are adult dragonflies, so old that they can no longer fly, have fallen into the pond, but have not yet drowned.
D) They are adult dragonflies that must, like many amphibian species, return to water in order to mate.
Answer: A
If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of the following structures, except
A) antennae.
B) an open circulatory system.
C) an exoskeleton of chitin.
D) complex eyes.
E) sex organs.
Answer: E
Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up to the pond's surface. If she catches one of these organisms and observes closely, perhaps dissecting the organism, she should find
A) gills.B) spiracles.
C) tracheae.
D) book lungs.
Answer: A
Sarah had learned that ancestral (Carboniferous era) dragonfly species were much larger than extant dragonfly species are, with wingspans of 70 cm. This struck her as odd, because she had also learned that one of the things that keeps insects small is their relatively inefficient respiratory system. Which two hypotheses might help account for the large size of ancestral dragonflies?
1.If the atmosphere during the Carboniferous era had featured a higher oxygen content than the modern atmosphere, then the tracheae might have been a sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
2. If large size was a drawback, then the large dragonflies underwent extinction, which explains why all extant dragonflies are smaller.
3. If the ancestral dragonflies had possessed muscles that permitted effective ventilation of the tracheae, then the tracheae might have been a sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
4. If ancestral dragonflies existed during greenhouse conditions, then they must have survived by decreasing their activity levels, such as no longer capturing prey in flight. Thus, for them, an ineffective respiratory system was sufficient.
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 1 and 4
D) 2 and 3
E) 2 and 4
Answer: B
Learn More :
Biology
- Which era is known as the "age of reptiles"?
- Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?
- Which of these are amniotes?
- What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?
- A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was
- Arrange these taxonomic terms from most inclusive (most general) to least inclusive (most specific). 1. lobe-fins 2. amphibians 3. gnathostomes 4. osteichthyans 5. tetrapods
- Which of the following belongs to the lobe-fin clade?
- The swim bladder of ray-finned fishes
- There is evidence that ray-finned fishes evolved
- Which group's members have had both lungs and gills during their adult lives?
- Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?
- To which of the following are the scales of chondrichthyans most closely related in a structural sense?
- Which of these might have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans?
- Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?
- The lamprey species whose larvae live in freshwater streams, but whose adults live most of their lives in seawater, are similar in this respect to certain species of
- A team of researchers has developed a poison that has proven effective against lamprey larvae in freshwater cultures. The poison is ingested and causes paralysis by detaching segmental muscles from the skeletal elements. The team wants to test the poison's effectiveness in streams feeding Lake Michigan, but one critic worries about potential effects on lancelets, which are similar to lampreys in many ways. Why is this concern misplaced?
- The earliest known mineralized structures in vertebrates are associated with which function?
- The feeding mode of the extinct conodonts was
- Lampreys differ from hagfishes in
- What do all craniates have that earlier chordates did not have?
- How many of the following statements about craniates is (are) correct? 1. Craniates are more highly cephalized than are noncraniates. 2. Craniates' genomic evolution includes duplication of clusters of genes that code for transcription factors. 3. The craniate clade is synonymous with the vertebrate clade. 4. Pharyngeal slits that play important roles in gas exchange originated in craniates. 5. The two-chambered heart originated with the early craniates.
- A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?
- Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?
- Which of the following statements would be least acceptable to most zoologists?
- Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as
If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box. If the answers is incorrect or not given, you can answer the above question in the comment box.